Stars

The Life of the Stars depend upon the amount of Hydrogen gas present in them. As the amount of Hydrogen gas converted into helium, the temperature and colour of the star changes. The life of the star ends when there is very little or no hydrogen left with them. The final stage of the star depends upon their mass. Some are converted into red giants, some to white dwarfs and some ends with neutron star and some with black Hole.

Red Giants

The stars produce heat and light energy continuously due to the fusion  of hydrogen nuclei to helium nuclei. As the hydrogen of the star keeps on decreasing, the surface of the star goes on decreasing along with its surface temperature. The Outward pressure created by the fusion reaction becomes  less and less. As a result, the core of the sun contracts on its own gravity. However, the outer shell of the star which consists of hydrogen gas, expands due to the energy released in fusion reaction. This continues and finally the star becomes red and very giant. In this way red giant is formed.

White Dwarf

When the amount of hydrogen gas becomes very low, a star becomes red giant. If the mass of the star is comparable to the mass of solar system, the core part of the star goes on contracting and temperature at the core goes on increasing . It causes expansion of the atmosphere of the star and the star explodes. This is known as SuperNova. After nova exploision, the atmosphere of the star is lost and the core part continues to contract. Finally, the temperature of the core becomes very high, the helium nuclei start to fuse to form carbon/nitrogen nuclei. In this reaction, the star produces white visible light and thus make itself look white . In this way white dwarf is formed.

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Introduction

1.1. Background of fieldwork Report:

Sources of income & expenditure play a vital role in any financial institution. Through the study of sources of income & expenditure, the different activities of an institution are aerated. By realizing all these facts I have tried to prepare the field work report of Chandragdi Drinking Water Consumer and Sanitary Community. Chandragadi Drinking Water Consumer and Sanitary Community's main sources of in income is received from water bill through it have been operating shuttle house and meat sale stalls in Chandragadi area it helps as subsidiary sources of income. Other source of income included sales of water meter and bills, rebate from Nepal Electricity Authority, different donations and grant application fees name and place change fees, membership renewal interest from deposit fine and penalty delay charge lagat katta etc.

Similary it's sources of expenditure includes salary, allowance, leave & graduity, TADA, dress as well as office operating and service expenses along with capital expenses.

After the close investigation, I found Chandragadi sanitary community is able to collect enough income from the above mentioned sources. Infact it is very much essential to know what are and how much the income & expenditure is. Net income cannot be calculated in absence of sources of income as a result it is a real challenge to allocated the enhances and evaluate the income and expenses. With the help of this report we can get the information about the different sources of income & expenditure of Chandragadi drinking water consumer and sanitary community.

In the beginning, this project had just extended 36kms of pipeline of water supply. Later, in 2058 B.S. Japanese GVT had conducted filter treatment liant and reservoir tank and extended the pipe line to 44kms. In accordance with the decentralization policy of GVT. Its management was handed over to local body in 2058, under the leadership of Lekhnath Niroula with 11 members committee for three years. Currently it is under the leadership of Santosh Pokhrel with 13 members body. After handing over the community the project had extended the pipe line up to 75 kms and its management is effective. It had been facillating pure drinking water to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, wards of Chandragadi VDC. And 5, 6, 10, 11 and 15, wards of Bhadrapur Municipality. Currently the total no of taps is 2032 and thousands of people are being beneficiated. It has also been a part in social works. It has been providing public taps in different junction and public places with almost 13 taps. This community also had constructed a shuttle house and meat sale stall in year 2061 for providing fresh and healthy meat and maintain and manage  cleanliness around Chandragadi area. It has started listening the complains and suggestion seriously. As a result of which, at present its management is effective and the quality of service is very high.

1.2. Literary Survey:

Since, on this topic 'SOURCE OF INCOME & EXPENDITURE" of "Chandragadi Drinking Water Consumer and Sanitary Society" report prepared by Bhuwan Gautam is my base and  i have visited concerned office for datas. Therefore, the facts and figures presented here are based on facts.

In course of finding the sources of income & expenditure of water supply project Chandragadi, many problems appeared. Even though, putting all those huddles aside, this research present the facts based data which are worth relying for other researches. Special programme broadcasted by NTV, special articles of newspaper and magazines, and the information transmitted by F.M. radios helped much to prepare this report. The "smarica" published by "Chandragadi Drinking water Consumer and Sanitary Community" water supply project, on Baisak 2063, " Annual Audit Report" 2064, 2065, 2066 respectively also helped me to receive information about its source of income & expenditure.

1.3. Purpose of study:

There is certain motive to prepare this fieldwork report. Generally, the objective of study and investigation is to achieve certain goal. So, this report has the following objectives and goals:

1.       To identify different source of income & expenditure

2.       To evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water and sanitation services

3.       To analyze the income & expenditure of different 3 fiscal years.

1.4.  Field work procedure:

To determine different sources of income & expenditure of drinking water supply project certain techniques have been followed. In order to prepare field work report first Reference material are collected, then according to format, sketh is being prepared and data is being collected from the concered officer of the project. After collection of data the case study and survey method is applied to present and analyze the data.

1.5.  Methods of data collection:

Various data are needed to prepare Field Work Report. So, in order to achieve those data two methods are used:

a.       Primary Data Collection

b.       Secondary data Collection

a.       Primary Data Collection:

Those data collected by personal visits, interviews, by cross question, by observing different places and question by post known as primary data. So, I personally visited the community and obtained data.

b.       Secondary Data Collection:

The references taken from those report which have been already prepared by other persons are source of secondary data. In this field work report Annual Audit Reports and Smarica Published by this community are sources of secondary data.

1.6.  Limitation of study:

The limitations of this field work report are as under;

a.       This report is only the study of sources of income & expenditure.

b.       This report has shown sources of income & expenditure for three years only.

c.       Due to take of experiences and time, least information is only provided.

d.       The information of sources of income & expenditure is provided up to year 2066/2067 only.

e.       Bank balance is excluded.

f.       Other information regarding administration, employee management is not shown in this report.

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Actress Ashisma Nakarmi has been signed up to be featured in a dance number in ‘Adhakatti’. The movie directed by journalist Subrat Acharya featurs the story of Subash Dhakal and scritp of Bijaya Adhikari. The cinematograpehr of the movie is Madan Kashyap (Ghimire).

‘Adhakatti’ features Wilson Bikram Rai, Gaurav Pahadi, Rista Basnet, Pradeep Bastola in main roles. Actress Namrata Shrestha will also be featured in guest role .The shooting of the movie is expected to start on the first week of Falgun.

The comedy movie produced by Pradeep Uday will feature the music of Rajan Ishan. The movie is jointly written by Subash Dhakal and Bijaya Adhikari. Madan Kashyap was the cinematographer.

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One of the top producers of Nepali film industry, Chhabi Raj Ojha has announced that he won’t marry again. The 48-years-old businessman was responding to the rumor of his proposal to the actress of his upcoming movie, ‘Lazza’. A rumor of the actress Shilpa Pokharel being proposed by Chhabi was published in online and offline media. We also talked about it although we were skeptical on the news.

Talking to an online magazine, Chhabi told that after reviewing his marital history he doesn’t want to marry again. He told, "I don’t have faith in women anymore. Don’t talk about marriage." He also told that he won’t be proposing anybody after the divorce with Rekha Thapa. Chhabi says that he has failed in matters related to marriage. Now, he says that the cinema is his home and his life partner.

The first wife of Chhabi  had left him the second committed suicide and the third left him recently. Although it was a hat trick in failure of the married life, Chhabi is unwilling to take the blame.
In another incident, Shilpa Pokharel also responded by telling that she doesn’t want to be linked to Rekha Thapa in any ways.

We wish Chhabi gets a right woman who can go with him in the ups and downs and to guide his life in the right direction. All the best Chhabi!

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Tourism is a major source of economy of our country Nepal.More than 3% Gross National Product(GNP) comes from tourism and provides employment opportunity to a large number of People. tourism is an important foreeign currency earning source of Nepal. Nepal needs foreign currency to import the foreign trade like oil, medicine, salt, machineries etc. So, having foreign currency reserved in sufficient amount is very important for Nepal. In between1999-2000, Nepal earned 12073.9 million rupees from tourism industry. this proves that tourism industry is very important for developing country like Nepal.For last few years the condition of Nepalese Tourism Industry is degrading due to:-

1. Peace and Security in Nepal has been decreasing due to which the overflow of tourist is getting less in recent years.
2. Pollution has been increased due to which the population is affected and the health of tourist is also getting bad.
3. The infrastructures of tourism like lodge, hotels, transportation, communication etc. has not been well developed here.
4. The government of Nepal is unable to enforce effective programs, policies and publicity to promote tourism.
5. Regular and reliable international air service has not been available for the tourist coming from different countries.

Solution to the above mentioned problems:-

1. Peace should be restored throughout the country as soon as possible.
2. Hotels, lodges and restaurant should be properly managed at required places and numbers.
3. Transportation facility should be accessible in all the tourist areas.
4. International flights should also be increased.
5. Pollution should be controlled as soon as possible so that all the tourist would get a fresh life here.
6. Cheating, begging and following the tourist should be controlled as soon as possible so to let the tourist to live free and independently.
7. Tourist Destinations should be well faciliated and news destination should be identified.

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Annapurna Conservation is a major site destination for many internal and external tourists.Many programme are launched to make this place a better area.Some of those points are:-

• Agricultural training
• Road Construction
• Afforestation and Care
• Small Scale Industry Scheme
• Lodge building and Cook Training
• Tourist Education and Information
• Production of leaflets, maps and book 
• Training for tourist guide and naturalists
• Handicraft training and marketing Skills
• Development of School and more priority to Educational Attainment and Educational Sector
• Bird Watching and conservation clubs in Schools
• Nutrition, health and Family planning education
• Forest Management and Training 
• Rubbish Disposal Management 
• Water Resources Management
• Scientific Survey of Wildlife

Note:- These Programmes are also carried out under the Present Three Year Interim Plan

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Dinosaur: The Great Giant of the Ancient Times

 Before Millions of Years there lived great, enormous and frightening creatures in the world. They Were Dinosaur. Before Millions of Years approximately 65 million years they got extinct from the Earth or they vanished.Archealogists and Historian have been studying them since many years.

Skull of Camarasaurus

 According to the survey done in 1970 A.D. it was found that nearly 4000 to 3000 fossils of Dinosaur had made Earth their Home, a living planet. In Australia they found the fact and enormous amount of fossils were found here which led to conclude that this was the main habitat of Dinosaur.This Area now is commenced with the study of Fossils of Dinosaur.People think that this are was the main home of Great Dinosaur, dangerous reptiles which ruled World Before Humans originated. 

From the fossils found there many things like their shape, size, structure, their activities, lifestyle and the cause of their extinction can be extracted out from the study. Firstly British Archealogists searched such giants and gave the name of Dinosaur which stands for ' dangerous lizard.' . From the survey, more than 1000 species of Dinosaur existed on the Earth before. Hope you can find eggs of those giants in your Garden. Won't You?

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Out of all the students who consumed alcohol prior to starting college, two-thirds of them used fake ids to obtain the alcohol. If they have fake IDs, they tend to use it about 25% of the time until they turn age 21. A study published online in October and will be published soon in the print journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, studied 1,015 students who had consumed alcohol before entering college. Researchers followed up with participants’ first four years of college.

The study “demonstrated that false ID use led to increases in drinking frequency and quantity,” said Amelia Arria, study author and director of the Center on Young Adult Health and Development at the University of Maryland School of Public Health.

In addition, “we showed that while false ID use wasn’t directly related to [alcohol use disorders] risk; it indirectly predicted increases in [alcohol use disorders] risk over time through its contribution to increases in drinking frequency,” she said.

The younger a person’s age at their first drink puts them at greater tendency to make choices that are often associated with higher drinking levels. Fake ids change a young person’s access to alcohol completely.

These choices include:

    Greater levels of alcohol and drug involvement during high school
    Higher levels of sensation-seeking
    Greek life involvement and living off campus

Jennifer Read is an associate professor in the department of psychology at the State University of New York at Buffalo. “I think some of the most important findings to come out of this study have to do with how widespread this problem is….”

“I was surprised that almost two-thirds of the students used false IDs. It will be interesting to see if this reflects something specific to this university or region in Dr. Arria’s study, or if the use of false IDs is this ubiquitous across campuses in the U.S.,” said Read, who was not involved in the study.

It is not clear at this time if the findings from this study will apply to young adults not attending college.

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Want to play a little game?

Click 5 times the below picture and watch it......!

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John Abraham and Priya Runchal tied the knot as we heralded in 2014. Here's looking back at their love story...

John took to Twitter to make the announcement early on Friday (January 3) morning. It was not apparently obvious at first, until you noticed how he had signed off. He had tweeted, "Wishing you and your loved ones a blessed 2014! May this year bring you love, good fortune and joy. Love, John and Priya Abraham". Photo: Getty Images

 

John and Priya's relationship began on a rocky note, since they first met when John was already in a steady relationship with actress Bipasha Basu. After John and Bipasha's split in 2011, there was much speculation that John might have cheated on Bips, thereby leading to the end of their relationship, but John finally broke the silence and insisted that he had never cheated on Bipasha.

Priya Runchal is an investment banker who first met John in 2010 after the two bumped into each other at their local gym. Friendship led to love and soon, she was seen on John's arm at several public events.

Priya even accompanied John and his mother to the National Film Awards in May last year, confirming that the family had accepted her into the fray too. John had been dropping hints all of last year that 2013 would be the time he got hitched, but wouldn't confirm a date. We're suspecting this affair was an impulsive decision! Photo: Getty Images

Here's wishing the couple all the very best for their married life ahead!

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Is Miley Cyrus the reason modern society’s standards are currently in the toilet? One British actor seems to think the singer is slowly, but surely dragging us deeper into the gutter.

Although Sir David Jason’s name may not ring any bells among TV watchers in the US, he’s actually very well known and highly respected in the UK. His credits include A Touch of Frost, Only Fools and Horses, The Darling Buds of May. Americans of a certain age may remember him from the animated shows Danger Mouse and Count Duckula.
Since everyone on the planet has an opinion about Miley Cyrus and her musical antics, Jason decided to share his own thoughts about the “Wrecking Ball” singer during an interview with The Sun on Sunday. Not surprisingly, the 73-year-old actor didn’t have too many positive things to say about the girl.

“Miley Cyrus epitomises what we have allowed. She has done it to break the mould. I can understand why, but we have given her the oxygen of publicity and encouraged it, so young girls will think it is the right way to attract men. We’ve lost our standards,” Jason recently said of Miley Cyrus.

The actor continued, “Once upon a time if you said this or did that, you’d be off the air. They wouldn’t dare show it. It slowly drip feeds, erodes standards of politeness, manners and morality. It just drips and it takes us further and further down, and instead of inspiring us to look up, we are all going down.”

Miley Cyrus has once again hit a rough patch when it comes to the headlines. The Inquisitr previously reported that the singer was the center of a hoax involving fellow singer Beyonce Knowles. Cyrus was quoted as saying that she will ultimately filled the vacuum Beyonce will leave as she “grows into motherhood.”
“I’m the only white female singer that could fill that slot right now and do it right, you know… Beyonce has been a big inspiration to me but she’s been out for such a long time. I got the total package, you know, the curves, the rhythm, and the voice,” she allegedly said.

After the bogus quote started making the rounds online, Miley Cyrus decided to address the situation on Twitter. Although she admitted that the fake interview made her laugh, she wondered how publications were allowed to make up this sort of stuff in the first place.

Do you agree with Sir David Jason that Miley Cyrus is everything that’s wrong with society?

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Nine and 1/2 Weeks is voted as the sexiest movie in the history of Hollywood. Top 5...

1. Boogie Nights

2. Titanic3. Unfaithful

4. Monster's Ball5. Nine and 1/2 Weeks

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धनकुटा/ मुलुकमा नाम चलेका हिरोइनहरूको ब्लु भिडियो क्रमशः सार्वजनिक भइरहेको बेला धनकुटामा पनि ब्लु भिडियोको बिगबिगी बढेको छ । धनकुटामा राजधानीबाट सार्वजनिक भएका ब्लु भिडियोको नभई स्थानीयस्तरमा बनाइएका ब्लु भिडियोको बिगबिगी बढेको हो ।
धनकुटाका विभिन्न साइबर क्याफे र युवायुवतीको मोबाइलमा यस्ता ब्लु भिडियो प्रशस्त हेर्ने पाइन्छ । धनकुटा र पूर्वका विभिन्न सहरमा बनाइएका करिब दुई दर्जन ब्लु भिडियो सहज रूपमा छ्याप्छ्याप्ती पाइने गरेको धनकुटा हुलाकटोलका कक्षा १२ मा अध्ययनरत १८ वषर्ीय एक युवा बताउँछन् । ती युवाका अनुसार धनकुटामा खिचिएका तीन, धरानमा खिचिएका चार र झापाको दमकमा खिचिएका तीनवटा ब्लु भिडियो उनको मोबाइलमा छन् । आफ्नो मोबाइलमा भएका ती ब्लु भिडियो देखाउँदै उनले भने, 'ती सबै पूर्वमा बनाइएका भिडियो हुन् । यस्ता भिडियो अरू कति छन् । चाहिन्छ भने ल्याइदिन्छु ।'
धनकुटामा मात्रै तीनवटा ब्लु भिडियो बनेको स्थानीय युवायुवती बताउँछन् । तर, त्यस्ता अश्लील भिडियो बनाउनेको पूर्ण रूपमा परिचय नखुले पनि अधिकांश १७ देखि २२ वर्षका युवायुवती संलग्न रहेको देखिन्छ । तीनमध्ये एउटा भने धनकुटा-७ स्थित चुलीवन जंगलमा बनाइएको स्पष्ट देखिन्छ । करिब पाँच मिनेट लामो सो भिडियोमा जंगलमा एकजोडी युवायुवती यौनक्रीडामा लीन भएको देखिन्छ ।
यस्तै अन्य दुई अश्लील भिडियो पनि धनकुटामै खिचिएको बताइन्छ । ती भिडियोमा देखिने युवायुवती १७ देखि २२ वर्षभित्रकै रहेका छन् । यसरी ब्लु भिडियो बनाउने अधिकांश युवायुवती धनी परिवारको भएको धनकुटा-६ सिरान बजारका सञ्जीव श्रेष्ठले बताए । धनकुटामा चुलीवन सिन, धरान नर्स, दमक सेट, धरान लोकल आदि नामका स्थानीय ब्लु भिडियो पाइएका छन् । 'लोकल सिनमा रियल सेक्स भिडियो हेर्न पाइन्छ,' धनकुटा-७ डाँडागाउँकी एक युवतीले भनिन्, 'आफ्नै ठाउँमा खिचिएका सेक्स भिडियो हेर्नुको मज्जा बेग्लै हँुदोरहेछ ।' नजिकका साथीसँग लुकीलुकी सेक्स भिडियो हेर्दा चरम मनोरञ्जन मिल्ने गरेको तर्क राख्ने ती युुवतीले दिनमा एकचोटि ब्लु भिडियो हेरेर मनोरञ्जन लिने गरेको बताइन् ।
केही समयअघि मात्र बजारमा आएका नाम चलेका नायिकाहरू नम्रता श्रेष्ठ र पूजा लामाको ब्लु भिडियो हेरेर त्यसको सिको गर्दै स्थानीय युवायुवती पनि ब्लु भिडियो बनाउन सक्रिय हँुदै गएकोमा स्थानीयवासी चिन्ता व्यक्त गर्छन् । ब्लु भिडियोलेे समाजमा ठूलो विसंगति फैलाउँदै गएको र यसलाई तत्काल नियन्त्रण गर्नुपर्ने विचार राख्छन्, धनकुटा-७ का रमेश कार्की । कार्की भन्छन्, 'समाजमा विकृति फैलाउने यस्ता ब्लु भिडियो बनाउनेलाई कडा कारबाही गर्नुपर्छ ।' यस्ता भिडियो युवायुवतीले मात्रै नभई समाजका विभिन्न क्षेत्रका व्यक्तिले पनि हेर्ने गरेको पाइएको छ ।
ब्लु भिडियोको बिगबिगी बढेको जानकारी पाए पनि कारबाही गर्ने स्पष्ट कानुन नहुँदा नियन्त्रण गर्न नसकिएको जिल्ला प्रहरी कार्यालयले जनाएको छ

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पछिल्लो समयमा बनेका सेक्सुअल फिल्मले नेपाली फिल्म र समाजलाई सहि दिशा तर्फ भन्ने कुराको अहिले बहसको बिषय पनि बनेको छ । एटिएम काण्ड सेलाउन नपाउँदै अर्को त्यस्तै सेक्सको कथामा फिल्म बन्दैछ जसको नाम राखिएको छ थ्री ट्रिपल एक्स अर्थात '3 XXX' । ट्रिपल एक्स अर्थात निलो फिल्मले नेपाली समाजमा पारेको नकारात्मक असरको बिषयलाई उठान गरेर निर्माण गर्न लागिएको सो फिल्मको शनिबार राजधानीमा मुहुर्त गरियो । राज बस्न्यातले निर्माण तथा निर्देशन गर्ने सो फिल्म सेक्सको बिषयमा बन्न लागेको भए पनि त्यसलाई कलात्मक ढंगले प्रस्तुत गरिने बताईएको छ ।

मुहुर्त समारोहमा फिल्मीखबरसँग कुरा गर्दै निर्देशक बस्न्यातले भने, 'हामीले सेक्सको बिषयलाई उठाएका छौं तर सेक्सलाई नै बेचेरे छाडा फिल्म भने बनाउन लागेका हैनौं ।' नामको पछाडी नलागी काम हेरेर मात्र यो बिषयमा कमेन्ट गर्न निर्देशकले फिल्म प्रेमीहरूलाई आग्रह गरे । यसअघि बेस्यावृत्तीको कथामा तडप र ड्रग्सको कथामा फ्युचर निर्देशन गरेका बस्न्यातले यो फिल्म पनि सामाजिक बिषयको हुने र सबैले हेर्न मिल्ने खालको हुने बताए ।

माता कृष्णमाया स्मृती फिल्म्सको व्यानरमा बन्न लागेको सो फिल्ममा बिजय बिष्ट, सुरेश केसी, मोनिका बस्न्यात, संगीता मैनाली, रवि गिरी लगायतले अभिनय गर्नेछन् । जन्म राई र उत्तम बिष्टको संगीत रहने सो फिल्मको कथा निर्देशक स्वयंले नै लेखेका हुन् भने छायाँकन देबेन्द्र गिरीले गर्दैछन् । फिल्मको सुटिङ असारको दोस्रो साता सम्ममा शुरू गरिने बताईएको छ ।

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In recent days Nepali movies are changing trends to open culture and based on sex and hot scene.The under making movie Bindash,where sushma karki is acting have taken 3 lakhs for the movie and given hot kiss scene and bed scene as demanded by director.After seeing these scene the production controller of the movie got fainted...lets take a look of some of the photos from the movie............

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The Models Jiya KC and Soniya are the actresses of Nepali Movie ATM which was banned due to the language and scenes in it.Its was the big controversy of nepali movie industry.Both models Jiya Kc and sonia gives the posses like lesbian nepali models.What do you guys think about it please share your opinion.

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 Last week, Bella the Bulldog came in contact with a porcupine in her backyard. Vets at the Animal Emergency Center in Norman, Oklahoma said it was the worst case they had ever seen.

Bella was stuck with an estimated 500 quills which got her face, mouth, feet, and body. Bella is expected to make a full recovery even though of the the quills are still in her body.

The owners of the home believe the Porcupines have been using the family swimming pool as a drinking source.

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Scarlett Johannson

Source: http://izismile.com

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